Project Set 178A performs critical Energy System Technology Cost and Performance research within EPRI’s Program 178 on Resource Planning for Electric Power Systems.1 Research supports technology and resource planning, investment, retrofit and retirement decisions by providing comprehensive data, insights, methodologies, and tools to improve understanding of energy system techno-economics. Research outputs from the program can be directly applied to support identification and evaluation of supply-side resources, grid technologies, and associated system infrastructure requirements and costs.?